Cultural competencies

Culture is shared knowledge, beliefs, and customs, such as within ethnic groups, religious diversity, and LGBTQIA people. It is a dynamic and evolving aspect of our lives, influencing our thinking, behaviour, judgement, and decisions. It can impact health behaviour, diet, language, rituals, and health literacy, potentially causing misinterpretation. Cultural competence involves understanding and respecting diverse cultural values and needs, promoting equity in healthcare outcomes. This may require a translator, cultural mediator and sensitive questioning. 14.8% of the workforce comprises mixed ethnic groups other than white British (ONS). 3.1% of the general population are LGBTQI, an increase from 1.6% in 2014. Figures are growing. Health inequalities disproportionately affect ethnic minority groups, leading to poorer healthcare experiences. Factors like environment, health behaviours, and racism reinforce inequalities. Work is a social determinant of health, benefiting both individuals and organizations. Inclusivity and equality are crucial for workplace health, especially in areas with high ethnic diversity. Promoting workplace wellbeing reduces disparities. Cultural competence for Occupational Health Janet ONeill SOM Learning - Use a translator and cultural mediator where needed - Advocate for organisational policies and processes that promote cultural competence - Continually reflect, cultural competence is developed

Clinical: Occupational health promotes and maintains the highest degree of physical, mental and social well- being of workers in all occupations. Cultural competence within OH has a role in reducing health inequalities and ensuring good work is good for health. This includes assessing workplace health needs and risks, fostering good relationships, and assessing individual employees in health surveillance, fitness programs, and attendance management programs. The social aspects influencing health and wellbeing within the context of work are assessed as part of the biopsychosocial model of health utilised by OH. Obstacles and enablers in health and work include family, language, belief systems, environment and health-related behaviours. Practical ways to be culturally competent: - Evaluate your own cultural beliefs, values, biases, assumptions and unconscious bias - Research, recognise, respect and value cultural and individual differences (consider acculturation) - Use sensitive enquiry when appropriate, with open questions, active listening and incorporating empathy and respect